Historical And Political Basis of The Evacuation Process During World War II

Abstract

This article examines the historical and political foundations of the evacuation policy implemented in the Soviet Union during the Second World War, with particular attention to the strategic role of Uzbekistan in this process. Under wartime conditions, the urgent need to preserve the population, industrial enterprises, and institutions of science and culture transformed evacuation into a key state-level political strategy. The study analyzes the legal and organizational mechanisms that regulated evacuation activities and evaluates their economic, demographic, and social consequences. Special emphasis is placed on Uzbekistan’s geographical safety, labor resources, and growing industrial capacity, which significantly enhanced its strategic importance within the Soviet Union during the war years. The research also explores the ideological and moral dimensions of evacuation, highlighting its function in mobilizing society and fostering social cohesion in the rear. The findings demonstrate that evacuation policy not only contributed to sustaining the war effort but also reshaped Uzbekistan’s role within the Soviet political and economic system, leaving a lasting impact on its historical development.